The Hidden Impact of Hydrocarbon Pollution on Cardio-Metabolic Health in Akwa Ibom State

Abstract

Akwa Ibom State is one of the states in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and is most affected by the negative impacts of oil extraction. Constant oil leaks, gas burning, and dumping have created widespread hydrocarbon contamination that adversely affects people's health. This paper investigates the link between hydrocarbon pollution and the rising incidence of cardio-metabolic diseases in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, a region severely impacted by oil extraction activities. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature encompassing observational and interventional studies from databases like Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library evaluates health outcomes related to increasing levels of hydrocarbon contamination. The analysis reveals that populations in highly polluted areas experience higher rates of conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Key findings suggest a significant correlation between hydrocarbon exposure and these health issues, highlighting themes of environmental injustice, socio-economic disparities, and inefficient health management systems. The study underscores the urgent need for effective legislation and pollution control measures to address health disparities and protect community well-being.