Global Stability Analysis of a Malaria–Typhoid Fever Co-infection Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63561/jmns.v2i4.1125Keywords:
Global Stability, Analysis, Malaria Typhoid Fever, Co-infection, ModelAbstract
Typhoid fever and malaria are two serious infectious diseases that are common in sub-Saharan Africa, and co-infection poses a serious threat to public health. Designing successful control measures requires an understanding of the dynamics of these illnesses. We created a deterministic compartmental model that divided the human population into seven groups: susceptible people, typhoid-only infected people, malaria-only infected people, co-infected people, recovered people, susceptible mosquitoes, and infected mosquitoes. We defined parameters for the global stability of the disease-free equilibria and determined the fundamental reproduction numbers for typhoid and malaria using the next-generation matrix technique. The global stability results were validated using Lyapunov functions and LaSalle's invariance principle. When both fundamental reproduction numbers are less than unity, the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable worldwide.Numerical simulations highlight the threshold parameters that drive co-infection persistence and the combined impact of malaria–typhoid interventions. This study provides a theoretical basis for controlling malaria and typhoid co-infections through integrated interventions. The analytical thresholds derived can guide policymakers in optimizing combined control strategies in endemic regions such as Nigeria
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