Comparative Cold and Hot Extraction of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Using Green and Conventional Solvents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63561/jacsr.v3i1.1232Keywords:
Cashew nutshell, Ethylacetate, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, phenolic and CNSLAbstract
In this study, cashew nutshell liquid has been extracted from cashew nut shells using Ethylacetate, cyclohexane, and petroleum ether as solvents. Cold and hot extraction methods were used using these solvents. The results of the percentage yield for the cold extraction methods are 27.92%, 13.88%, 20.38%, 17.2%, and 11.32% for Ethylacetate, Cyclohexane, Ethylacetate: Cyclohexane (1:1), Ethylacetate: Cyclohexane (1:2), and petroleum ether, respectively, while the percentage yield for the hot extraction methods is 29.54%, 28.94%, 29.94%, 29.40%, and 26.26% for Ethylacetate, Cyclohexane, Ethylacetate: Cyclohexane (1:1), Ethylacetate: Cyclohexane (1:2), and petroleum ether respectively. Clearly, with the results above for cold and hot extraction it showed that other solvents used for the extraction i.e. ethylacetate and cyclohexane gave higher percentage yield than the petroleum ether’s yield. However, the study also highlighted the danger associated with the usage of petroleum-based solvent e.g. pet. ether despite its low cost advantage, this has called for the shift to using bio-based solvent or better named “green solvents” that pose little or no danger to the user and to the environment at large. The FT-IR spectra revealed that the extracted CNSL is a polymeric compound that contains phenolic components. The decarboxylation was equally confirmed by the difference between the spectra of the recovered CNSL and the decarboxylated CNSL with the disappearance of C=O peak from a carboxylic acid confirming the evolution of CO2.
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