Acute Toxicity and Histological Alterations in the Gills and Liver of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to J-Furan
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Abstract
Carbofuran, a widely used insecticide found in products like J-Furan, is known for its effectiveness in agriculture—but its impact on aquatic life is a growing concern. The study assessed the acute toxicity of J-Furan on the liver and gills of juvenile freshwater African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The species was subjected to varied insecticide concentrations for 96 hours, and histological examinations were carried out to see the effects on the hepatic tissue. The results indicated that as the insecticide concentrations increased, the damage to the liver and gills became severe. The liver has been the major organ for detoxification, showed Cytoplasmic vacuolation, hemorrhagic areas, inflammatory cell necrosis, the disintegration of the hepatocyte cell membrane and oozing of cytoplasmic content, mononuclear cell infiltration, hepatocyte fusion, vascular congestion, degeneration of hepatocytes and cellular degeneration while the gills critical for breathing developed various degree of structural deformities like vacuolated gill arch cells, dilated secondary inter-lamellar space, secondary lamellar necrosis, occlusion in secondary inter-lamellar space, fusion, and shortening of secondary lamellae, vacuolization in the epithelium, increased in secondary inter-lamellar space and shortening and fusion in secondary lamellae. This study reveals that even short-term exposure to carbofuran can have damaging effects, highlighting the need for effective control, regulation, and safer use of agricultural chemicals near aquatic environments.
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References
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