Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Fed Diet Containing Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red Palm Weevil Larvae) as a Replacement for Fish Meal
Main Article Content
Abstract
This work was carried out to determine the potential use of RhynchophorusFerrugineous (red palm weevil larva (PWL) to substitute fish meal in fish feed. Nine groups of eight fishes each totaling 72 were given three types of feed. One feed was formulated with 100% PWL, another with 100% fish meal using trial and error method and a commercial fish feed. All feeds were analyzed and administered to the fishes. Proximate analysis of the feed samples showed crude protein composition to be 33%, 36% and 33% respectively. The fishes were given the feeds at quantities weighing 4% of their body weight daily. Highest weight gains were observed in all fishes at week 3 with a value of 101+9.00g for PWL groups, fish meal (FM) groups had 128.0+14.00g, while commercial fish feed (CFF) groups had 124+27.22g. These changes in weight were not statistically significant when compared with each other at P≥0.05. The CFF group had the highest specific growth rate of 3.20g per day, while FM fish had 3.10g per day. PWL fishes by week three had the highest feed conversion ratio of 1.06+0.13. PWL and FM had mortality rate of 4.00% while the CFF had mortality rate of 0.00%. PWL can be used as alternative to FM in fish diet because PWL fishes had high feed conversion ratio and no significant difference in weight gain between groups; however, further research can be used to determine if various combined inclusions of FM and PWL would produce better growth performance.
Article Details
References
Abdulkarim, M., Magaji, I. M., Nayaya, A. J., Yusuf, Z. A., & Jibril, S. A. (2024). Fisheries and Wildlife. Available online at: academia. edu. Retrieved 12th August.
Adekoya, B. B. & Miller, J.W. (2004). Fish cage culture potential in Nigeria- An overview. National Cultures and Agriculture Focus. 1(5):10-12.
Adewumi, A. A., &Olaleye, V. F. (2011). Catfish culture in Nigeria: Progress, prospects and problems. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(6), 1281-1285.
Allan, J. D., Abell, R., Hogan, Z. E. B., Revenga, C., Taylor, B. W., Welcomme, R. L., &Winemiller, K. (2005). Overfishing of inland waters. Biological Science, 55(12), 1041-1051.
Association Of Official Analytical Chemists (2000). Official Method 925.10. In Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 17th ed., Arlington, VA
Azevedo-Santos, Valter Monteiro de; Rigolin-Sá, Odila; Pelicice, Fernando Mayer (2011).
Barnes, S. (2008). Nutritional genomics, polyphenols, diets, and their impact on dietetics. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108(11), 1888-1895.
CBN (2011): Annual Report and Statement of Accounts. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Publishers, Abuja. Retrieved on 17th March 2021 from http://www.cbn.gov.ng. Climate-data .org (CDO)(2021). Climate, Enugu, Nigeria.
Craig, S. R., Helfrich, L. A., Kuhn, D., & Schwarz, M. H. (2017). Understanding fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding.
de Boer, J., Schösler, H., &Aiking, H. (2020). Fish as an alternative protein–A consumer-oriented perspective on its role in a transition towards more healthy and sustainable diets. Appetite, 152, 104721.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the Unites Nations (2024). State of the worlds fisheries and aquaculture 2024: Blue transformation in action. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd0683en
Food and Agricultural organization. (2006). Fisheries management in the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Food and Agricultural organization. (2014). The state of the world fisheries. Rome, FAO.
Fasakin EA, Bulogun AM, Fagbenro OA (2001). Evaluation of Sun-Dried Water fern, Azolla Africana and Duckweed, Spirodelapolyrrhiza, in Practical Diets for Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L) Fingerlings, Journal of Applied Aquaculture.11(2):83-92.
FDF, 2008. Fisheries Statistics of Nigeria. Fourth edition, 1995 – 2007, Nigeria 48pp.
Food and Agricultural organization. ACTION, I. (2020). WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE.
Fry, J. P., Mailloux, N. A., Love, D. C., Milli, M. C., & Cao, L. (2018). Feed conversion efficiency in aquaculture: Do we measure it correctly? Environmental Research Letters, 13(2), 024017. doi.org
Gabriel, U. U, Akinrotimi, O. A, Bekibele, D. O, Onunkwo, D. N and Anyanwu P. E. (2007) Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2(7): 287-295.
Jia, J., Miao, W., Cai, J., & Yuan, X. (2018). Contribution of Chinese aquaculture to the sector, globally, and to overall food security. Aquaculture in China: Success Stories and Modern Trends, 1-24.
Lackey, R. T. (2005). Fisheries: history, science, and management. Water encyclopedia: surface and agricultural water, 121-129.
Li, M. H., Manning, B. B., Robinson, E. H., Bosworth, B. G., & Wolters, W. R. (2001). Comparison of growth, processing yield, and body composition of USDA103 and Mississippi “Normal” strains of channel catfish fed diets containing three concentrations of protein. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 32(4), 402-408
Majluf, P., Matthews, K., Pauly, D., Skerritt, D. J., &Palomares, M. L. D. (2024). A review of the global use of fishmeal and fish oil and the Fish In: Fish Out metric. Science advances, 10(42), eadn5650.
Morales, L. E., & Higuchi, A. (2018). Is fish worth more than meat?–How consumers’ beliefs about health and nutrition affect their willingness to pay more for fish than meat. Food Quality and Preference, 65, 101-109.
Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Bureau, D. P., Chiu, A., Elliott, M., Farrell, A. P., ... & Nichols, P. D. (2009). Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(36), 15103-15110.
Odioko, E., &Becer, Z. A. (2022). The economic analysis of the Nigerian fisheries sector: A Review. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(2), 216-226.
O'Keefe, T., &Campabadal, C. A. (2015). Storage and handling of feeds for fish and shrimp. In Feed and feeding practices in aquaculture (pp. 299-313). Woodhead Publishing.
Olaoye, O. J., &Ojebiyi, W. G. (2018). Marine fisheries in Nigeria: A review. Marine ecology-Biotic and abiotic interactions.
Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Success. In Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/192994
Rapatsa, M., &Moyo, N. (2022). A review and meta-analysis of the effects of replacing fishmeal with insect meals on growth of tilapias and sharptooth catfish. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2022, 1-10.
Robinson, E. H., & Li, M. H. (2010). Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, size and feed conversion ratio. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(5), 829-833.
Rola, W. R., & Hasan, M. R. (2007). Economics of aquaculture feeding practices: a synthesis of case studies undertaken in six Asian countries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 505, 1.
Saxena, P., & Chandra, M. (2010). Animal diet formulation models: a review (1950–2010). International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 1(1), 1-10
Stewart, H. (1994). Indian fishing: Early methods on the Northwest Coast. University of Washington Press. (Original work published 1977)
Uzonwanne, M. C., Mbah, C. C., Onyedibe, F. C., & Obi, C. I. (2023). Impact of Fish Production on the Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 29(8), 88-98.
Venugopal, V., &Gopakumar, K. (2017). Shellfish: nutritive value, health benefits, and consumer safety. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(6), 1219-1242.
Virdin, J., Basurto, X., Nico, G., Harper, S., del Mar Mancha-Cisneros, M., Vannuccini, S., ... & Franz, N. (2023). Fishing for subsistence constitutes a livelihood safety net for populations dependent on aquatic foods around the world. Nature Food, 4(10), 874-885.